Higher values of [K+]o(th) decreased the critical perturbation duration which saturated at 10 s for [K+]o(th) >15 mm.
Yes! Some people are said to have relationship OCD, where obsessions and compulsions are centered around the relationship. 8A). 2022 DeepDyve, Inc. All rights reserved. (SECOM) On the other hand, the smaller the perturbation size, the longer the perturbation can last without causing a switch to pathological activity (Fig. Copyright 2022 by the Society for Neuroscience. 2022 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Therefore, this regime may model cortical networks with strong resilience to pathological hyperactivity. Obsessive versus delusional jealousy. The effectiveness of the potassium regulatory apparatus determined the stability of the physiological state and the threshold for seizure initiation. Each neuron had a dendritic and an axosomatic compartment. 2B, color-coded [K+]o for entire network as a function of time). Unrequited love hits everyone at some point, whether it's a celebrity crush or feelings for a friend. , [ : (, )] Rather, in agreement with our hypothesis of multistability-mediated dynamic repertoire, a sufficiently long yet transient global perturbation in the afferent excitatory drive can mediate a transition between these fundamentally different activity regimes. In contrast, we here show that [K+]o dynamics cause the emergence of a second stable network state characterized by seizure-like activity instead of unstable runaway dynamics. Our work generalizes this concept of multistable network behavior to the case of coexistence of physiological and pathological (tonic-clonic) activity as an extreme case of multistability-mediated dynamic repertoire. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that this framework can be extended to other pathological network states that are characterized by hyperactivity. There are other signs of this disorder, such as: Theres no one single cause of OLD. Both activity states are stable states and thus represented by local minima to which the system converges. The broader and deeper the trough is that corresponds to a given activity state (i.e., domain of attraction) is, the more resilient is the state to perturbations. 3B). We thank Prof. Igor Timofeev for many stimulating discussions and insightful suggestions. Our findings contrast with the common notions of (1) pathological brain activity representing dynamic instabilities and (2) necessary adjustments of experimental conditions to elicit different network states. These results show that even spatially constrained perturbations can play the role of the epileptic focus by recruiting the entire network and inducing a transition from physiological to pathological activity by means of K+ diffusion if these perturbations reflect a failure of the potassium regulatory mechanisms. A, Average PY firing frequency (black histogram) and average [K+]o trace (red) for 10 s perturbation (increase in afferent input). As a consequence of the excess K+ spreading through the network by diffusion, eventually the entire network switches to the pathological activity state characterized by alternating epochs of tonic firing and slow bursting with exception of the few cells close to the network abnormality that continue to display pathological bursting (Fig. An abnormal fascination with death and the dead; esp., an erotic attraction to corpses. (And How to Stop Being It), How to Increase Mental Focus and Stay Sharp, How To Get Fit If You Have a Busy Schedule, What Does Create Your Own Reality Mean? 
aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Attachment-Disorders-085.aspx, nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml, iocdf.org/expert-opinions/relationship-ocd/, nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml, nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-when-unwanted-thoughts-take-over/index.shtml, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), All About Quiet BPD (Borderline Personality Disorder), Sociopathy and Narcissism Are Two Very Different Things Heres What to Know, feeling the need to protect the person youre in love with, extreme jealousy over other interpersonal interactions, repeated texts, emails, and phone calls to the person theyre interested in, difficulty having friendships or maintaining contact with family members because of the obsession over one person, monitoring the actions of the other person, controlling where the other person goes and the activities they engage in. So far, we characterized the types of perturbations that can induce a transition from the physiological to the pathological activity state. Find any of these words, separated by spaces, Exclude each of these words, separated by spaces, Search for these terms only in the title of an article, Most effective as: LastName, First Name or Lastname, FN, Search for articles published in journals where these words are in the journal name, /lp/springer-journals/adult-sexual-attraction-to-early-stage-adolescents-phallometry-doesn-t-GdKAHOrcDb, Blanchard, R; Lykins, AD; Wherrett, D; Kuban, ME; Cantor, JM; Blak, T, The structure of erotic preference in the nondeviant male, Recent data on pubertal milestones in United States children: The secular trend toward earlier development, Penile circumference, skin conductance, and ranking responses of child molesters, and normals to sexual and nonsexual visual stimuli, Quinsey, VL; Steinman, CM; Bergersen, SG; Holmes, TF, Poor diagnostic reliability, the Null-Bayes logic model, and their implications for sexually violent predator evaluations, Civil commitment without psychosis: The laws reliance on the weakest links in psychodiagnosis, Adult Sexual Attraction to Early-Stage Adolescents: Phallometry Doesnt Equal Pathology, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png, http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/adult-sexual-attraction-to-early-stage-adolescents-phallometry-doesn-t-GdKAHOrcDb. Epileptic seizures are commonly assumed to be the result of changes in network properties that eliminate the negative feedback mechanisms providing a break on excessive neuronal activation. Don't face mental health challenges alone. Note variability of the [K+]o across the network. But an important point to bear in mind is that Within a given population, there exists a normal degree of genetic variation that may or may not make an individual more adapted to the environment or, more importantly, changes in the environment, Troisi says. This may explain the experimental difficulty in identifying a threshold value from a single local [K+]o measurement (Sypert and Ward, 1974) (see also Fig. MAS International Co., Ltd. Previously, strongly elevated [K+]o has been implicated in pathological activity patterns that are characterized by neuronal hyper-activation since an increase in [K+]o causes a decrease in the driving force of potassium currents that play a key role in repolarizing neurons. , This may be especially true for individuals whose personality characteristics make them prone to dishonesty and for male respondents since cultural norms tend to view promiscuity [as] more favorable in men than in women, she says. Thank you for sharing this Journal of Neuroscience article. Codependency addiction manifests as a repetitive and compulsive pattern of relationships with pathologically narcissistic lovers. However, this isnt an officially recognized subtype of OCD. Delusional jealousy and obsessive love causes and forms. 4C), the values of [K+]o at the stimulus offset (Fig. These cortical activity states are thought to be initiated and maintained by different afferent input patterns and levels of neuromodulators (McCormick et al., 1993). Transition from physiological to pathological activity. DSM-IV-TR draws the distinction between pathological Second, the proposal to extend the already problematic and non-pathological age-related sexual arousal at the onset diagnosis of Pedophilia to include early-stage, Archives of Sexual Behavior According to Gutirrez their results provide the first solid evidence that some personality disorders, rather than illnesses, could be sexually selected evolutionary strategies. According to this so-called potassium accumulation hypothesis, an elevation in [K+]o depolarizes neurons and therefore increases their activity level. Short or long-term relationships with narcissists, their drug of choice, create temporary or fleeting moments of euphoria and feelings of relational perfection. with [K+]o(eq) = 3.5 mm, Imax = 5 mA/cm2 in the dendritic compartment, Imax = 40 mA/cm2 in the somatic compartment. Theyll also ask you about your family and whether any known mental health illnesses exist. Last medically reviewed on January 10, 2018. In other words, conspicuous by their absence age-preference so as to justify an expansion of the DSM are any data to refute the alternative hypothesis that sexual diagnostic category of Pedophilia to include early-stage attraction to adolescents at all stages of sexual development adolescents. The focus of this paper has been seizure initiation. Erotomania revisited: Clinical course and treatment. Talk to your doctor if you think you or a loved one may have the disorder. , Combined with the discovery and further study of biophysical mechanisms that mediate multistability (e.g., ion concentration dynamics, short-term synaptic plasticity), such an approach to probe the system with perturbations instead of complex parameter modulation may lead to a more in-depth and mechanistic understanding how the rich spectrum of cortical network activity patterns arises. , . SfN does not assume any responsibility for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to any use of any material contained in JNeurosci. This mental health disorder is characterized by a disturbance with self-image coupled with severe mood swings. Specifically, we modeled a local network abnormality by introducing an extra K+ source in the middle of network (extracellular compartment of PY 100). You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Perturbations to switch between network states were modeled with a transient increase of the PY afferent input to f = 150 Hz. When it comes to obsessive love, delusional jealousy can cause you to believe the other person has reciprocated their feelings for you, even if theyve made it clear this is indeed not true. Your doctor may recommend one of the following: It can take several weeks for your medication to work. A person with this disorder may not even realize they have the disorder. disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). C, Firing rate histograms for pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. In addition, [K+]o fluctuates during the pathological state yet fails to exhibit unstable runaway dynamics. These behaviors resemble OCD more so than delusional jealousy. B, Same as in A but with increased temporal resolution. D, Color-coded [K+]o map. With these simulations, we established that the model is capable of exhibiting physiological activity in presence of [K+]o dynamics. All neurons in the network received random afferent synaptic input. Our results suggest that the pertaining dynamics can be conceptualized as a dynamic system with two stable states (Fig. Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote. Batinic B, et al. Input perturbations of sufficient length to increase [K+]o above a critical value caused a transition from the physiological to the pathological network state. Independent of the duration of the perturbation, the network always returned to the physiological state. Using a realistic computational model, we demonstrate that physiological sparse and pathological tonic-clonic activity may coexist in the same cortical network for identical afferent input level. To preclude spatial dynamics from buffering such an increase in excitation, all perturbations were uniformly applied to all PYs. Different relative sizes of these two domains of attractions will thus define whether and how severely a brain will develop epileptic seizures. Equations and parameters for these ion channels and intracellular calcium dynamics were previously described in detail (Frhlich and Bazhenov, 2006). We next investigated how spatial network dynamics contribute to the transition between the physiological and pathological stable network states. And obsessive-compulsive malesbut not femaleswere successful at securing long-lasting mates, an outcome strongly associated with this groups high income (obsessive-compulsives made nearly twice as much as the less obsessive study participants), Gutirrez says. This network bistability between physiological and pathological activity was mediated by the inclusion of the commonly overlooked yet ubiquitous biophysical mechanism of extracellular potassium concentration regulation. As for the impulsive and risk-takerswho were shown to have multiple short-term mates, Gutirrez speculates that a number of people are attracted to those types because they are considered captivating. But how would this help those with maladaptive personalities score more mates? Specifically, an increase of this threshold, [K+]o(th), reduces the binding rate constant for a given level of [K+]o and therefore renders the glial potassium clearance apparatus less efficient. Obsessive fascination with death and corpses. They may refer you to a psychiatrist to help determine whether you truly have OLD.
Require these words, in this exact order. Medications can be used to adjust brain chemicals. In fact, our model predicts that [K+]o measurements in a single local area in experiments without seizure initiation could exceed similar measurements in another experiment where a seizure was initiated. [K+]o was determined by the interaction of the neuronal potassium currents IK, Na+/K+ ATPase activity No eLetters have been published for this article. On the other hand, the relative size of the domain of attraction of the seizure state may define how pronounced and prolonged individual seizures are. However, it often involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Conceptual model of bistability-mediated dynamic repertoire in cortical network mode with [K+]o dynamics. Interestingly, however, the average [K+]o values at the offset of the elevated input (Fig. The average firing frequency increased instantaneously while [K+]o increased and decreased only gradually. 4C below). Firing dynamics of cerebellar purkinje cells, Potassium accumulation in interstitial space during epileptiform seizures, Cholinergic-dependent plateau potential in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, Coexistence of tonic firing and bursting in cortical neurons, Slow state transitions of sustained neural oscillations by activity-dependent modulation of intrinsic excitability, Maintenance and termination of neocortical oscillations by dynamic modulation of intrinsic and synaptic excitability, Extracellular potassium dynamics and epileptogenesis, Pathological effect of homeostatic synaptic scaling on network dynamics in diseases of the cortex, Potassium dynamics in the epileptic cortex: new insights on an old topic, Sleep microstructure and EEG epileptiform activity in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Contribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase to focal epilepsy: a brief review, Bistability dynamics in simulations of neural activity in high-extracellular-potassium conditions, Modeling sleep and wakefulness in the thalamocortical system, Astrocytes in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy display changes in potassium conductances, Serotonin-induced bistability of turtle motoneurones caused by a nifedipine-sensitive calcium plateau potential, TGF-beta receptor-mediated albumin uptake into astrocytes is involved in neocortical epileptogenesis, Epileptogenesis and reduced inward rectifier potassium current in tuberous sclerosis complex-1-deficient astrocytes, Role of intrinsic burst firing, potassium accumulation, and electrical coupling in the elevated potassium model of hippocampal epilepsy, Variant firing patterns in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells modulated by extracellular potassium, Simulated seizures and spreading depression in a neuron model incorporating interstitial space and ion concentrations, Silent plateau potentials, rhythmic bursts, and pacemaker firing: three patterns of activity that coexist in quadristable subthalamic neurons, Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation, Neurotransmitter control of neocortical neuronal activity and excitability, Persistent cortical activity: mechanisms of generation and effects on neuronal excitability, The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the epileptic brain, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Psychopath and sociopath are common terms, but you can't be diagnosed as a psychopath. Learn why and what to know about antisocial personality. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If both parents are carriers of the pathological trait, it simply will be passed on to the progeny more vigorously, he adds.
Each model neuron was enclosed by an extracellular compartment that included a model of the [K+]o regulatory apparatus (buffering by glia, neuronal reuptake, diffusion). 2022 LoveToKnow Media. As for any model of a highly complex dynamic system, our model has limitations and does not incorporate all mechanisms that potentially contribute to shaping the seizure dynamics. All excitatory connections had a fast AMPA and a slow voltage-dependent NMDA component (total conductances: gAMPA(PY-PY) = 9.6 nS, gNMDA(PY-PY) = 0.96 nS, gAMPA(PY-IN) = 3.0 nS, gNMDA(PY-IN) = 0.30 nS). Based on this positive-feedback model, it was hypothesized that there is a critical value of [K+]o for which seizures are triggered, that [K+]o monotonically increases during seizures, and that seizures terminate when [K+]o is sufficiently elevated to induce depolarization block. Gutirrez and his team inquired about participants lifetime numbers of mates and children, along with job level, income and other sociodemographic factors using a combination of self-reporting surveys and interviews. The emergence of the network bistability proposes a fundamentally different viewpoint on how cortex can exhibit different activity states. Threshold for seizure initiation. All Rights Reserved.
Although multistability is a fundamental property of nonlinear systems (Strogatz, 2000; Shilnikov et al., 2008) little is known how such dynamics could emerge in the case of cortical circuits. B, The same stimulus (20 s, shown with box) triggered a transition into the seizure state for [K+]o(th) = 17 mm but failed to do so for [K+]o(th) = 12 mm. Despite chronic disappointments, broken promises to self and others, and a cascade of negative consequences, codependents continue their cycle of personal and relational self-destruction. 4A, bottom, spiking activity). Overall Gutirrez says their findings support the less widespread view that the principles of evolution apply equally well to pathological personalities. The precise treatment plan for this disorder depends on the underlying cause. Include any more information that will help us locate the issue and fix it faster for you. Together these simulations show that transient, spatially constrained, moderate perturbations in the afferent excitation are unlikely to trigger a transition away from physiological activity in presence of K+ diffusion. 3E, labeled arrow), the network switched from tonic firing to bursting mode during which [K+]o monotonically decreased. 2. Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals. Sign up to make the most of YourDictionary. Network heterogeneity was introduced by drawing random values for the potassium leak conductance from a normal distribution (mean 0.01 mS/cm2, SD 0.001 mS/cm2 for PYs; mean 0.005 mS/cm2, SD 0.0005 mS/cm2 for INs). A, Perturbation needs to span a substantial number of PYs for a transition into the pathological network state to occur. Since obsessive love disorder intersects with other forms of mental health disabilities, its not classified on the American Psychological Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). You might feel the need to protect your loved one obsessively, or even become controlling of them as if they were a possession. In agreement with the above results, we found that the network can support a broad range of activity levels within the stable state of physiological activity (Fig. 2022 DeepDyve, Inc. All rights reserved. The dendritic compartment had high-threshold calcium, calcium-activated potassium, slowly activating potassium, persistent sodium, hyperpolarization-activated depolarizing mixed cationic, potassium leak, and mixed cationic leak conductances (PY: GHVA = 0.016 mS/cm2, IN: GHVA = 0.01 mS/cm2; PY: GKCa = 3.5 mS/cm2, IN: GKCa = 0.3 mS/cm2; PY: GKm = 0.01 mS/cm2, IN: GKm = 0.0 mS/cm2; PY: GNaP = 4.0 mS/cm2, IN: GNaP = 0.0 mS/cm2; Gh = 0.05 mS/cm2; PY: GKl = 0.01 mS/cm2, IN: GKl = 0.005 mS/cm2; GL = 0.033 mS/cm2). A medical diagnosis from your primary doctor may also be needed to rule out other causes.
We here revisit the role of [K+]o dynamics to investigate whether they may play a role in mediating a multistability-mediated dynamic repertoire that includes physiological and pathological activity states coexisting in the same network. Computational models of this working memory have focused on the role of recurrent excitation in mediating this bistability between relative quiescence (baseline) and sustained elevated firing activity (Wang, 2001). At the onset of the input reduction, the network switched to bursting and [K+]o returned back to baseline. 2C, firing histogram and average [K+]o; Fig. C, Same representation as in A but for a 20 s perturbation that is long enough to sufficiently increase [K+]o for seizure initiation. Submitting a report will send us an email through our customer support system. You may also need to try different types until you find the one that works best for you. Top, PY membrane voltage trace.