calabria, italy official website

[28], Calabria has one of the oldest records of human presence in Italy, which date back to around 700,000 BC when a type of Homo erectus evolved leaving traces around coastal areas. On 28 October 1949 in Melissa the police opened fire on peasants who had seized the land of a local baron, killing three men who were shot in the back as they attempted to flee. Natural and scenic endowments where the diversity of landscapes, the variety of plant and animal species, and the beauty of all of Sila attest to the importance of the Sila National Park and of the treasures it protects. Further up, olives and chestnut trees appear while in the higher regions there are often dense forests of oak, pine, beech and fir trees. This group of Arabs had already been successful in Sicily and knew that Calabria was another key spot. [45] Locri was renowned for being the town where Zaleucus created the first Western Greek law, the "Locrian Code"[46][47] and the birthplace of ancient epigrammist and poet Nossis. With almost 2 million residents across a total area of approximately 15,222 square kilometres (5,877sqmi), it is the tenth most populous and the tenth largest Italian region by area. In contrast to most other Italian regions, Calabrians have traditionally placed an emphasis on the preservation of their food and packing vegetables and meats in olive oil. [22], The geology of Calabria has been studied for more than a century. Calabria produces about a quarter of Italy's citrus fruit. The Itali were the first established people of Calabria. In a 2006 report, Italian investigators estimated that 80% of Europe's cocaine arrived from Colombia via Gioia Tauro's docks. Much of Italys Region of Calabria is coastal, a peninsula in itself surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Although virtually identical to the Jews of Sicily, the Jews of Calabria are considered a distinct Jewish population due to historical and geographic considerations. These lost dialects continue to thrive to this day in North America and Australia, places where Italians emigrated to, on account of the Diaspora. This zone, with its rugged and wild, yet pristine side, charms visitors with its quaint and welcoming villages, and with the opportunities to practice a number of outdoor sports. Three mountain ranges are present: Pollino, La Sila and Aspromonte, each with its own flora and fauna. [109] The compromise decision to make Catanzaro the executive capital and Reggio the administrative capital has led to a bloated and inefficient administration. Murat controlled the kingdom until the return of the Bourbons in 1815.

[108] The plan was a notable failure with the infrastructure projects going wildly over-budget and taking far longer to complete then scheduled; for an example, construction started on the A3 highway in 1964 intended to link Reggio Calabria to Salerno, which was as of 2016 still unfinished. [111] Calabria's economy is still based mainly on agriculture. The Calabrian language is a direct derivative of Latin. [101] The Italian troops in Calabria mostly surrendered to the advancing 5th British Division and the 1st Canadian Division while there were relatively few German forces in the region to oppose their advance. GDP per capita is 2.34 times less and unemployment is 4 times higher than in Lombardy. In Soveria Mannelli, Lanificio Leo,[141] the oldest textile factory in Calabria founded in 1873, is still active. La Sila, which has been referred to as the "Great Wood of Italy",[12][13][14] is a vast mountainous plateau about 1,200 metres (3,900 feet) above sea level and stretches for nearly 2,000 square kilometres (770 square miles) along the central part of Calabria. Coveting the wealth of the city, the soldiers killed its prominent men, sent away the rest and seized their property.

The port of Gioia Tauro has seven loading docks with an extension of 4,646 metres (15,243 feet); it is the largest in Italy and the eighth largest container port in Europe, with a 2018 throughput of 4.0 millionTEUs[145][146] from more than 3,000 ships. In 1194, Frederick II, took control of the region, after inheriting the Kingdom from his mother Constance, Queen of Sicily. Here, in an area of 1,600 hectares, a 17-kilometre-long canyon winds its way to the delight of canyoneers. Ogniben, Leo (1973); Schema geologico della Calabria in base ai dati odierni. Calabria, also known as the tip of the Italian boot, is a region in Southern Italy characterised by the incredible diversity of its landscapes, with the proximity of mountains to a splendid sea that attracts tourists from all over the world. Around 1050 the theme of Calabria had 24,000, mulberry trees cultivated for their foliage, and their number tended to expand. Medieval castles, towers, churches, monasteries and other French castles and structures from the Norman to the Aragonese periods are common elements in both the interior and coastline of Calabria. [89] As the devoutly Catholic population of Calabria tended to boycott elections, the deputies who were elected from the region were the products of the clientistic system, representing the interests of the land-owning aristocracy. (2000, a); A new structural model for the northern sector of the Calabrian Arc. [91], On 28 December 1908, Calabria together with Sicily was devastated by an earthquake and then by a tsunami caused by the earthquake, causing about 80, 000 deaths. There are also communities of Evangelicals in the region. [93] Most notably, after the king took charge of the relief efforts, the feuding between officials ceased and relief aid was delivered with considerably more efficiency, winning Victor Emmanuel the gratitude of the Calabrians. Calabria therefore was the first region to be called Italia (Italy).[36][37][38][39][40]. This set the stage for the eventual unification with the rest of Italy in 1861, when the Kingdom of Naples was brought into the union by Giuseppe Garibaldi. The Jasmine Coast is an ideal spot for a simple and peaceful vacation in a pristine environment imbued with beauty, history and traditions. In this period the presence of Calabrian humanists or refugees from Constantinople was fundamental. In the manufacturing sector the main branches are foodstuff, beverage and tobacco with a contribution to the sector very close to the national average. When Pyrrhus landed in Italy the people of Rhegion were worried about their safety and asked Rome for protection. However, they soon seized Hipponium again. The region is the second-highest for olive oil production[117] with Carolea, Ogliarola, and Saracena olives as the main regional varieties.[118]. Even though the Calabrian part of the duchy was conquered by the Longobards during the eighth and ninth centuries AD, the Byzantines continued to use the name Calabria for their remaining territory in Bruttium. [41] Through Alcmaeon of Croton (a philosopher and medical theorist) and Pythagoras (a mathematician and philosopher), who moved to Kroton in 530 BC, the city became a renowned center of philosophy, science and medicine. Comptes Rendus 3rd Int. [137], The region boasts a very ancient tradition in the cultivation and production of liquorice. C.N.R., Roma. An Arab presence is evidenced by findings at an eighth-century necropolis which had items with Arabic inscriptions. [50] Calabria was put under a military commander. Some 42% of Calabria's area, corresponding to 15,080km2, is mountainous, 49% is hilly, while plains occupy only 9% of the region's territory. Metauros was the birthplace of another of the nine lyric poets, Stesichorus, who was the first lyric poet of the western world. Greek texts were also valued in monasteries and places of learning. They conquered the north of Calabria and pushed further south, taking over part of the interior, probably after they defeated the Thurians near Laus in 390 BC. By the middle of the century, silk spinning was taking place in Catanzaro, on a large scale. Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity: AD 150750. Some other prominent destinations include: Although the official national language of Calabria has been Standard Italian since before unification in 1861, Calabria has dialects that have been spoken in the region for centuries.

Local desserts are typically fried, honey-sweetened pastries Cudduraci, Nacatole, Scalille or scalidde or baked biscotti-type treats (such as nzudda). Every trip to Italy is unique, build it the way you like it, you'll be spoilt for choice.

In Calabria there are two main airports: the Reggio Calabria Airport, a few kilometres from Reggio Calabria's city centre, built in 1939 was Calabria's first airport; the Lamezia Terme Airport is currently the first airport in Calabria for number of passengers per year. Another important linguistic minority, in the nine towns of Bovesa in the province of Reggio Calabria, speaks a derivative of ancient Greek called Griko, a remnant of Byzantine rule and ancient Magna Graecia.[161]. These mountains are home to a rare Bosnian Pine variety and are included in the Pollino National Park, which is the largest national park in Italy, covering 1,925.65 square kilometres. Opera, symphonic music and theatrical shows in Cosenza (a.s.l. The lowest slopes are rich in vineyards and orchards of citrus fruit, including the Diamante citron. [108] The high unemployment rate in Calabria has led to extensive migration and Calabria's biggest export has been its own people as Calabrians have moved to either other parts of Italy and abroad, especially to the United States, Canada and Argentina, to seek a better life. From the 7th Century many monasteries were built in the Amendolea and Stilaro Valleys and Stilo was the destination of hermits and Basilian monks. However, in Guardia Piemontese, as well as some quarters of Reggio Calabria, a variety of Occitan called Gardiol can also be found.

In the northern area of the region,[160] the Calabrian dialects are considered part of the Neapolitan language and are grouped as Northern Calabrian. They soon lost much of Italy to the Lombards between 568 and 590, but retained the south for around 500 years until 10591071, where they thrived and where the Greek language was the official and vernacular language.

[123] Clementina di Calabria is the PGI variety grown in the Calabria region. [98] The camps which operated from 1938 to 1943 were not death camps, and the majority of those imprisoned survived, but conditions were harsh for the imprisoned. [147], The region is served by three heavily used roads: two national highways along the coasts (the SS18 between Naples and Reggio Calabria and the SS106 between Reggio Calabria and Taranto) and the A2 motorway,[148] which links Salerno to Reggio Calabria, passing by Cosenza along the old inland route. The Romans sent soldiers from Campania to garrison the city. What do we start with? Calabrian Jews have had notably influence on many areas of Jewish life and culture. The timber here was sold all over Italy and the resin of the area was of the highest quality. They took over Hipponium, Terina and Thurii. The Greeks of Sybaris created "Intellectual Property.

The Alfonso Rendano theater is located in the historical center of Cosenza in Piazza XV Marzo and owes its name to the famous pianist and composer Alfonso Rendano. Catanzaro became the lace capital of Europe with a large silkworm breeding facility that produced all the laces and linens used in the Vatican. [85] Calabria together with the rest of the Kingdom of Naples was incorporated in 1861 into the Kingdom of Italy. [115], The olive tree represents 29.6% of utilised agricultural area (UAA) and approximately 70% of tree crops. In addition to the coastal tourist destinations, the interior of Calabria is rich in history, traditions, art and culture. Boccaletti, M., and Guazzone, G. (1972, b); Evoluzione paleogeografica e geodinamica del Mediterraneo: i bacini marginali. [110] In 2016, it was estimated that 18% of the people born in Calabria were living abroad.[91]. Cassiodorus was at the heart of the administration of the Ostrogothic kingdom. A part of the production is sold on the domestic market, mainly to retailers. The erratic behavior of the Tyrrhenian Sea can bring heavy rainfall on the western slopes of the region, while hot air from Africa makes the east coast of Calabria dry and warm. This was part of the episode which sparked the Pyrrhic war. The cuisine is a typical southern Italian Mediterranean cuisine with a balance between meat-based dishes (pork, lamb, goat), vegetables (especially eggplant), and fish. In 1783 a series of earthquakes across Calabria caused around 50,000 deaths and much damage to property, so that many of the buildings in the region were rebuilt after this date. By 1660, when the town had about 16,000 inhabitants, its silk industry kept 1,000 looms, and at least 5,000 people, busy. [153] In July 2021, the Constitutional Court of Italy censored the decree of law with the appointing of a new commissioner, because it didn't provide a new administrative structure to solve the long-time crisis of the Calabria's regional healthcare system.

In Calabria and towns such as Stilo and Rossano and San Demetrio Corone achieved great religious status. Seeing the practicality of uniting all the books of the Bible in one volume, he was the first who produced Latin Bibles in single volumes. Mountain areas have a typical mountainous climate with frequent snow during winter. The production area of "Olio di Calabria" PGI includes the entire territory of the Calabria region. Most of the lower terrain in Calabria has been agricultural for centuries, and exhibits indigenous scrubland as well as introduced plants such as the prickly pear cactus. Below are the two extremes of climate in Calabria, the warm mediterranean subtype on the coastline and the highland climate of Monte Scuro. [107] Between 1949 and 1966 another wave of migration took place with the peak year of migration being 1957 with some 38, 090 Calabrians leaving that year. There is also the private University for Foreigners "Dante Alighieri" in Reggio Calabria. During the late 19th or early 20th century, pianist and composer Alfonso Rendano invented the "Third Pedal",[84] which augmented the interpretative resources of the piano. The study of Ancient Greek, in this period, was mainly a work of two monks of the monastery of Seminara: Barlaam, bishop of Gerace, and his disciple, Leonzio Pilato. The economy of the region is strongly affected by the presence of the 'Ndrangheta (the local Mafia syndicate). [76], In 1563 philosopher and natural scientist Bernardino Telesio wrote "On the Nature of Things according to their Own Principles" and pioneered early modern empiricism.

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