The English Pronunciation Teaching in Europe Survey (EPTiES) and the collaborative generation of new knowledge, paper presented at Accents2010: IV International Conference on Native and Non-native Accents of English, University of d, 9-11 December 2010. http:,,www.filolog.uni.lodz.pl,accents2010,Abstracts.htm#smo (date of access: 7 February, 2010). Google Scholar, Szpyra-Kozowska, J. and I. Pawlak. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. The acquisition of English pronunciation: learners views, International Journal of Applied Linguistics 9: 3-15. ^:'Aon The data come from three groups of informants, namely: Italian, Spanish and Polish students of English. ?, but be rest assured that pronouncing Polish correctly is actually quite easy once you get the hang of it. An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Teaching Pronunciation to Malaysian TESL Students. Pock: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Transkrypcja fonetyczna. Google Scholar, Bradford, B. and J. Kenworthy. Learner corpora in second language prosody research and teaching. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 9-22. Google Scholar, Nasser-Eddine, A. To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. Each of these sounds actually has two alternate spellings: either with the small line on top, or with an additional I: The spelling with I usually appears in front of vowels and it marks a slightly softer pronunciation. 24: 40-44. In English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene, eds. In addition, this paper aims to examine European students beliefs and attitudes towards their own English pronunciation and is also intended to provide some arguments for or against the use of foreign-accented rather than native models of pronunciation in phonetic instruction. sd#sc?\^ xs+wK1LF#*.\Er~f{ vT@7'IA$F$:Z[Ac2]|irz&le9YC`rpJ'PAk9a~1" This means that you can strike up a conversation in Polish anywhere across Poland (or with any Polish expats you may know) and you can be pretty confident that youll hear what youve been learning. If youre interested in this topic (or want to hear these sounds in detail), you can find a good explanation of ithere. E. Waniek-Klimczak, 61-96. Google Scholar, Vishnevskaya, G. 2008. Google Scholar, Fraser, H. 2001. Rola metakompetencji w akwizycji fonologii jzyka obcego w wietle bada dotyczcych efektywnoci procesu nauczania wymowy [The role of metacompetence in the acquisition of foreign language phonology]. We are a team of more than 750 people from over 50 nations with a shared passion for languages. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus. Mity i uprzedzenia [Phonetic transcription. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 29-40. The full list is: As soon as you know this, Chrzszcz brzmi w trzcinie w Szczebrzeszynie doesnt seem as scary anymore, does it? Pop: 661000 (2005 est), One or more forum threads is an exact match of your searched term, The oldest part of Pozna are the districts. Can Pronunciation Be Taught? Even better, there arent any silent letters in Polish, as there are in other popular languages like French. Google Scholar, Szpyra-Kozowska, J., J. Frankiewicz and W. Gonet. Google Scholar, Nardo, D. and S. M. Reiterer. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 285-303. Google Scholar, Hu, X. and S. M. Reiterer. 2002. Evaluation of a pedagogical model of L2 pronunciation learning: the case for a mixed methods approach, Abstracts Accents 2011: 17, paper presented at Accents 2011: V International Conference on Native and Nonnative Accents of English, University of d, 15-17 December 2011, http:,,filolog.uni.lodz.pl,accents2011,Abstracts.htm (date of access: 29 November, 2011). On balance, the results of our study give an insight into the phonetic preferences of adult European advanced students of English with reference to the importance of good native-like pronunciation, the aims of pronunciation study, factors contributing to phonetic progress and their self-study pronunciation learning strategies. stream (ERIC Document Reproduction Service ED 450 599, FL 026 618). 2009. (English pronunciations of the Pozna from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus and from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, both sources Cambridge University Press), a clever action in a game or other situation that is intended to achieve an advantage and usually involves taking a risk, Keeping an open mind and opening your heart: useful phrases with open. Pronunciation standards of English for non-native speakers of English: A case against Lingua Franca Core. Google Scholar, Scheuer, S. 2008.

Listener attitudes to male and female voices. Google Scholar, Porter, D. and S. Garvin. Google Scholar, Pawlak, M. in press. Google Scholar, Waniek-Klimczak, E. 1997. Thats simple: give it an adorable name. Google Scholar, MacDonald, S. 2002. In fact, they sound most similar to the French [en] and [on] sounds. The GA develops geography subject leadership at all levels, from new teachers during their initial training, to geography co-ordinators in primary schools and secondary heads of department. in press. Google Scholar, Keys, K. J. In The Acquisition of L2 Phonology, eds. New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience. K. Dziubalska-Koaczyk and J. Przedlacka, 111-130. ELT Journal 56, 3: 240-249. In Issues in Accents of English 2: Variability and norm, ed. Bern: Peter Lang. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 9-27. AUw,O9 When you see a double consonant in Polish, you always say the consonant twice. )##UO%!Tc Google Scholar, Timmis, I. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Casblanca: Impremerie Najah, http:,,ucd.academia.edu,MohamedYeou,Papers,459522,Teaching_pronunciation_in_the_New_Educational_Reform_Students_attitudes_and_current_practice (date of access: 29 November, 2011). In Proceedings of Phonetics Teaching & Learning Conference, 31-34. in press. 2004. In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego I [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 1], eds. Theyre called the A with a little tail (, In fact, they sound most similar to the French [en] and [on] sounds. Native-speaker norms and international English: A classroom view. Joint Session on English Pronunciation Teaching in Europe Survey, paper presented at Accents 2011: V International Conference on Native and Non-native Accents of English, Univeristy of d, 15-17 December 2011. 2010. Why Polish and French students of English do not sound the same., Abstract Accents 2011: 33, paper presented at Accents 2011: V International Conference on Native and Non-native Accents of English, University of d, 15-17 December 2011, http:,,filolog.uni.lodz.pl,accents2011,Abstracts.htm (date of access: 29 November, 2011). Google Scholar, Stanojevi, M.-M., V., Kabalin-Boreni and V., Josipovi-Smojver. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free.

In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego IV [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 4], eds. d: d University Press. For example, chrzszcz has only four consonants (not eight) and one vowel (): ch-rz--sz-cz. Google Scholar, Gut, U. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Google Scholar, Janicka, K., M. Kul and J. Weckwerth. Look no further, one of Babbels in-house language experts spills her best advice. http:,,www.edb.utexas.edu,field, seminar29.html (date of access: 26 March, 2007). E. Waniek-Klimczak, 235-251. On the use of pronunciation learning strategies by Polish foreign language learners. English Pronunciation Preferences: Research by Indirect Questionnaire. Personality and pronunciation talent in second language acquisition, In Language Talent and Brain Activity, eds. In English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene, eds. In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego w Polsce VI [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 6], eds. Google Scholar, Murphy, D. in press. of Contents. Google Scholar, Scheuer, S. in press. Google Scholar, Sifakis, N. S. and A.-M. Sougari. Collins Concise English Dictionary HarperCollins Publishers:: WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English 2022, a city in W Poland, on the Warta River: the centre of Polish resistance to German rule (18151918, 193945). Pronunciation Learning Strategies: A first look. This is likely because there were large population movements both during and following the Second World War, when the borders of Poland were shifted westwards and the population from what used to be eastern Poland moved to what is now western Poland. These pairings include and U, RZ and , and CH and H. These are primarily still in use to cause headaches for Polish school children and Polish learners . [Shall we teach the phonetics of as foreign language, and how to do it?]. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Google Scholar, Walker, R. 1999. Phonology courses offered by METASOL programmes in the US, TESOL Quarterly 31: 741-764. Google Scholar, Celce-Murcia, M., D. Brinton and J. M. Goodwin. Whenpracticing your Polish pronunciation, you should pay special attention to the letterswith an additional accent on top, as those are among the most difficult ones for English native speakers to learn and pronounce. tekstw autentycznych [The elements of suprasegmental phonetics in the context of authentic text comprehension]. This article is an attempt to review the most recent phonetic literature on the application of questionnaires in phonetic studies. Our in-house language experts share their top tips. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. P`XvMWoX@Q3 :&wW,lBXV(<=ppQXm`ypMU[u{Xeyb:X#H=7-E. >:[~coo oJ~kW`|i_n[9q_Lv5N9uXh In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego V [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 5], eds.

Bern: Peter Lang. Oh yes, we must: [sma-rtvih-vsta-nie]. Google Scholar, Wrembel, M. 2002.

The GA engages with policy makers and government ministers to constantly make the case for geography, This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The difference is small, so you dont have to worry about it too much at the beginning. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar, Szpyra-Kozowska, J. In English Language Teaching and the Reform of University Studies, eds. Its no secret that Polish spelling and pronunciation are a mystery to the rest of the world. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 116-123. ), 5-17. 2010/2011 and 2011/2012.

Purchase this issue for $63.99 USD. Google Scholar, Luke, Ch. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 121-135. Google Scholar, Presser, S., J. M. Rothgeb, M. P. Couper, J. T. Lessler, E. Martin, J. Martin and E. Singer (eds). Pronunciation: Student Awareness of Learning Styles.

We currently offer 14 different languages from Spanish to Indonesian that millions of active subscribers choose to learn. Witold Jakbczyk (Polish pronunciation:[vitlt jakuptk]; 15 January 1909 in Sosnowiec 3 October 1986 in Pozna) was a Polish historian and professor at Pozna University, specializing in the history of Greater Poland in the 19th century. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Pronunciation Instruction in Moroccan Higher Education: Students Attitudes and Teachers Views. 9: 12-15. W. Sobkowiak, E. Waniek-Klimczak, 159-184. an@;Bs*^ @VJ||8_:x| a 2009. ), 213-255. Phonetic Attainment in Polish University and College Students of English: a Study in the Productive and Receptive Pronunciation Skills. G. Dogil and S. M. Reiterer (eds. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English. 21: 5-9. Stratification of EFL: identity constructions of learners and speakers, paper presented at: Accents 2010: IV International Conference on Native and Non-native Accents of English, University of d, 9-11 December 2010. http:,,www.filolog.uni.lodz.pl,accents2010,Abstracts.htm#smo (date of access: 7 February, 2010). Bern: Peter Lang. 1997. [nd]. Lesson plan for student teachers: creative ways of teaching pronunciation in FLE classes. Lingua Franca Core, Phonetic Universals and the Polish Context. The Geographical Teacher Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. On the other hand, some sounds in Polish have two alternate spellings but are pronounced identically. Foreign Accent: Phonetic and Communication Hazards. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2008. In English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene, eds. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. luI`6 `)6o@;k@BSw6GqX+w%zwQb3d)K%_wn!%%z.V7u[,3KTb3Li&r8.+M" Google Scholar, Dalton, Ch. Unlike English (which is not phonetic and difficult to pronounce for learners), Polish letters are always pronounced the same way. Google Scholar, Drodzia-Szelest, K. 1997. Methods for Testing and Evaluating Survey Questionnaires. 14 No. Miejsce fonetyki jzyka angielskiego w szkole [The place of English language phonetics at school]. E. Waniek-Klimczak (ed. Go to Table 2005. 4 0 obj Musicality and the phonetic language aptitude. Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Witold_Jakbczyk&oldid=1083186396, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna alumni, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna faculty, Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 April 2022, at 15:07. Google Scholar, Yeou. In Issues in Accents of English 2: Variability and Norm, ed. 2010. rdo. E. Waniek-Klimczak and L. Shockey, 189-202. 2003. Google Scholar, Gatbonton, E., P. Trofimovich and M. Magid. In detail, we review the scope of pronunciation questionnaire-based surveys with respect to Polish and non-Polish students of English. In Issues in Accents of English, ed. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. In this case, is actually a nasalized O and not a nasalized A therefore, it sounds kind of like the [an] sound in fianc. You can listen to an example here with the word, Lucky for you, there arent any major differences in pronunciation across different regions of Poland, which is in stark contrast to other major languages like. Google Scholar, Wrembel, M. 2005. The Geographical Association, is a subject association with the objective of furthering the study, learning and teaching of geography. Google Scholar, Sobkowiak, W. 2002. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Also, the name Anna is pronounced [An-na], not [An-a]. K. Dziubalska-Koaczyk and J. Przedlacka, 151-176. A pilot study. Google Scholar, Janicka, K. 2005. 1999. Google Scholar, Josipovi Smojver, V. and M.-M. Stanojevi. 24: 25-32. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. The role of metacompetence in the acquisition of foreign language pronunciation. Forum 39: 10-17. http:,,exchanges.state.gov,forum,vols,vol39,no3,p10.htm (date of access: 26 March, 2007). New South Wales: Department of Education Training and Youth Affairs, DETYA, http:,,www-personal.une.edu.au,~hfraser, (date of access: 26 March, 2007). Google Scholar, Wysocka, H. 2003. five universities and one college, located in various parts of Poland. Gut, 145-167. gSH/d=,}8H;9F4=ladW:z;S gfdvFJ|Bj0J{A:5yO>Leux<9z LHDG]O>YxU B'3[QNPe/tbR { Google Scholar, Rajadurai, J. In Non-Native Prosody: Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, eds. Dwik. 2008. Google Scholar, Pospieszyska, M. and B. Wolski. We explain why and explore some useful tips for improving it. In order to make the process a little easier for you, here are some of our Polish experts top tips: At first glance, this sentence might be a bit frightening (how do you even begin to pronounce the word zmartwychwstanie, anyway?) Elementy fonetyki suprasegmentalnej w kontekcie rozumienia tzw. Google Scholar, Pawlak, M. 2010. Baran, M. 2006. Australian Journal of TESOL 17,3: 3-15. sFz(A6:5GZzPEEuSX^k&SkPU 8a3 Google Scholar, Barrera Pardo, D. 2004. x\$q}`u4%`5a~3]^?DD 6K3"22~m8p!|.>V1j_}]m[VuxsC)Q*-N_SU _ K. Dziubalska-Koaczyk and J. Przedlacka (eds), 131-149. In English Pronunciation: Issues and Practices (EPIP): Proceedings of the First International Conference, ed. In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego V [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 5], eds. Why Native Speakers are (Still) Relevant? Language learning strategies in the process of acquiring a foreign language. The use of questionnaires in research on learning and teaching second language pronunciation, Abstracts Accents 2011: 25, paper presented at Accents 2011: V International Conference on Native and Non-native Accents of English, University of d, 15-17 December 2011, http:,,filolog.uni.lodz.pl,accents2011,Abstracts.htm (date of access: 29 November, 2011). Request Permissions, Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. 26: 4-11. Language learners often neglect honing a good accent in favor of focusing on grammar and vocabulary but its important to practice your accent too! In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego w Polsce VI [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 6], eds. Attitudes to Pronunciation in EFL. In English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene, eds. Publication de Facult des Lettres: Chouaib Doukkali. Teaching phonetics at the School of English, AMU, Pozna, Poland. F. Etxeberra and J. Arzamendi, 219-229. 2007. Combining three types of data in studying attitudes to English as a Lingua Franca, Abstracts Accents 2011: 43, paper presented at Accents 2011: V International Conference on Native and Non-native Accents of English, University of d, 15-17 December 2011, http:,,filolog.uni.lodz.pl,accents2011,Abstracts.htm (date of access: 29 November, 2011). In Accents and speech in teaching English phonetics and phonology, eds. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. E. Waniek-Klimczak, 115-132. Google Scholar, Edwards, M. 1992. Pock: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. - discussion continued]. 2006. Polish pronunciation gets even easier once you realize that quite a few single sounds are spelled with two letters much like the [sh] sound in English. Google Scholar, Ciszewski, T. 2004. 2002. On the motivation of advanced pronunciation learners. Our findings point to the fact that students of English wish to speak with good pronunciation, set a high native-like standard for themselves, report having benefited from their phonetic instruction and exposure to native English and that they work on their pronunciation by means of various, mostly cognitive, strategies.

Google Scholar, Pawlak, M. 2006. Google Scholar, Brya, A. How can a vowel be cute, you ask? K. Dziubalska-Koaczyk and J. Przedlacka, 293-308. Designing and piloting a tool for the measurement of the use of pronunciation learning strategies, In Research in Language: Special Issue on Researching Variability and Teaching Accents of English 8, eds. Google Scholar, Waniek-Klimczak, E. and K. Klimczak. Unpublished research report. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. This is the case in examples like pij wdk (Im drinking vodka), which sounds more like pije wdke.. With respect to foreign, non-Polish respondents, the study was conducted at the University of Salento in Italy and the University in Vigo, Spain within the framework of the Erasmus Teacher Mobility Programme in two consecutive academic years: i.e. x:M k>[T K. Dziubalska-Koaczyk and J. Przedlacka, 251-292. Nowacka, M. (2012). UCL, London, 14-15 April 1999, http:,,www.phon.ucl.ac.uk,home,johnm,poznan.htm (date of access: 26 March, 2007). Google Scholar, Remiszewski, M. 2008. Google Scholar, Szpyra-Kozowska, J. K. Dziubalska-Koaczyk and J. Przedlacka, 229-249. Must we really pronounce all of these letters? 1915 Geographical Association Google Scholar, Drnyei, Z.

Are you looking for some greats tips for learning Polish? If you look up a video on Polish pronunciation youre bound to see comments like Polish looks like someone mashed their hands on a keyboard and Why are there so many consonants? Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Phonetics learning preferences of Polish students. Teaching Pronunciation: A handbook for teachers and trainers: Three frameworks for an Integrated Approach. It is a lively community of practice with over a century of innovation behind it and an unrivalled understanding of geography teaching. Google Scholar, Pawlak, M. 2008. Another look at the use of pronunciation learning strategies: an advanced learners perspective. In Polish, there are two such vowels, and.Theyre called the A with a little tail (a z ogonkiem) and the E with a little tail (e z ogonkiem), respectively. Pronunciation - views and practices of reluctant teachers, Prospect. Google Scholar, Peterson, S. 2000. Bern: Peter Lang. W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 79-85. % 1996. R')4Jhs kYXuyDmjWd6lkkMHN5vJ?1dYJ1H/O$=+urm[x=nUc$YUbuKV?>5QHn475,smsFp^k}5- iRS'B|W\QPp,17#ah"$v. Je.

E. Waniek-Klimczak and P. J. Melia, 177-96. In English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene, eds. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Jaki model wymowy angielskiej? , you should pay special attention to the letterswith an additional accent on top, as those are among the most difficult ones for English native speakers to learn and pronounce. Polish Students Attitudes to Native English Accents as Models for EFL Pronunciation, In English Pronunciation Models: A Changing Scene, eds. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Second language acquisition: the articulation of vowels and the importance of tools in the learning process. Bern: Peter Lang. Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing.

Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. A Review of Research and Implications for Teaching. Lucky for you, there arent any major differences in pronunciation across different regions of Poland, which is in stark contrast to other major languages like German and Spanish. M. 2010. ]+lqTe..\aE)9pHJYApN~@>7KbYE|2Cyq8U5;|*3AQWG-{;51 Czy i jak uczy fonetyki jzyka obcego? Making the right noises: pronunciation and teacher training in Brazil, Speak Out! Chambery Cedex: Universit de Savoie. Easy! Google Scholar, Cenoz, J. and M. L. Garcia-Lecumberri. Become a WordReference Supporter to view the site ad-free. Google Scholar. Native and Non-native Perception of Foreign-accented Speech: Do Polish and English raters have the same ear for nativelikness?. Phonology on Teacher Training Courses, Speak Out! Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 2004. Google Scholar, Nowacka, M. 2010. Context for Teaching English Phonetics and Phonology at Polish Universities and Colleges: A Survey. As regards Polish respondents, our research involved subjects from six different tertiary schools, i.e. E. Waniek-Klimczak, 304-322. S. Diouny and M. Yeou, 55-77. Select a purchase EA"695@&^n ^e{K>jph? In Language Talent and Brain Activity, eds. English speech in Polish eyes: What university students think about English pronunciation teaching and learning. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. In Dydaktyka fonetyki jzyka obcego II [Phonetics in Foreign Language Teaching 2], eds. Learners Ethnic Group Affiliation and L2 Pronunciation Accuracy: A Sociolinguistic Investigation, TESOL Quarterly 39, 3: 467-488.

Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Google Scholar, Henderson, A. in press. J. Arabski and A. Wojtaszek, 3-15. The GA publishes a wide range of resources. Besides being adorable, these little tails under the vowels signal that theyre meant to be pronounced more nasal. d: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu dzkiego.

In this case, is actually a nasalized O and not a nasalized A therefore, it sounds kind of like the [an] sound in fianc. You can listen to an example here with the word brzowy (brown). 2 (2016). Access supplemental materials and multimedia. J. Trouvain and U. Pock: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Once you learn which letters stand for which sounds, you will basically always know how to pronounce a new word when you see it. Google Scholar, Szpyra-Kozowska, J., J. Frankiewicz and R. wicicki. Pock: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Google Scholar, Sobkowiak, W. 2008. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Field dependence, field independence as a moderate variable. Rather than casting new light on teaching pronunciation, the outcome of this study is consistent with the findings of other research on foreign students choice of preferred pronunciation model, which is undeniably native rather than foreign-accented. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0048-3, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, English spelling among the top priorities in pronunciation teaching: Polglish local versus global(ised) errors in the production and perception of words commonly mispronounced, Research in Language: Vol. Cze. Success in the acquisition of English phonetics by Poles. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skodowska University. 5: 8-14. 2008. From our offices in Berlin and New York, we help people discover the joys of self-directed language learning. {D ?/VIgbw|"]e+OkS;8{RltSx(e$>>RWga03k i)fqp"r3K9tfCCb-UdH*n}` 2011. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Konin: Wydawnictwo PWSZ. Are you looking to improve your Polish pronunciation but dont know where to start? W. Sobkowiak and E. Waniek-Klimczak, 150-158. in press. A. Henderson, 37-53. Forum discussions with the word(s) "Pozna" in the title: In other languages: Spanish | French | Italian | Portuguese | Romanian | German | Dutch | Swedish | Russian | Polish | Czech | Greek | Turkish | Chinese | Japanese | Korean | Arabic.

• Global Coin Research Tokenomics
• Spidey And His Amazing Friends Merchandise
• How To Get Candles In Family Island
• Why Can't People Be Colors Too?
• Cost Of Living In Yokohama, Japan
• Bavc Mediamaker Fellowship
• Kandal Village, Siem Reap
• Germany Amateur Oberliga Westfalen
• Jasmine Test Private Methods
• Calvin Klein Black Dress With Bell Sleeves