Romania is the world's ninth largest wine producer. Peixotto, a San Francisco lawyer and a former president of Bnai Brith, was It is also important for the production of hydroelectric power, at one of Europe's largest hydroelectric stations located at the Iron Gates, where the Danube surges through the Carpathian gorges. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Other significant rivers are the Siret, running vertically through Moldavia, the Olt, running from the oriental Carpathian Mountains to Oltenia, the Tisa, marking a part of the border between Romania and Hungary, the Mure, running through Transylvania from East to West, and the Some. In the period between the two World Wars, the city's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of the "Paris of the East" or "Little Paris." Urban dwellers live in high-rise apartment buildings, where conditions are cramped, and heating is often inadequate. first postwar Minister to the United States. About 75,000 of these would be military personnel, while 15,000 would be made up of civilians. In 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which stipulated, amongst other things, the Soviet "interest" in Bessarabia. From 1918 to 1938, Romania was a liberal constitutional monarchy facing the rise of the nationalistic, anti-semitic parties, particularly Iron Guard, which took about 15 percent of the votes in the general elections of 1937. Natural hazards include earthquakes, which are most severe in south and southwest. Partly due to the lack of other entertainment, theatre was popular and the number of actors increased. Gunther, died in Bucharest on December 22 before he could leave The highest mountain is Moldoveanu Peak, at 8346 feet (2544 meters). Romania established its first diplomatic mission in the United States when But the chance for a unity dissolved after Michael was killed, only one year later, by the soldiers of a Habsburg (Austrian) army general Giorgio Basta. the Dacians became a powerful state which threatened the regional interests of the Romans. On April 19th, 2007, the Romanian Parliament suspended President Traian Basescu on charges of unconstitutional conduct. The U.S. Legation in Bucharest was raised to Embassy status on June 1, 1964. During the period of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918), Romanians in Transylvania experienced a period of severe oppression under the Magyarization policies of the Hungarian government. Minister to Romania was also accredited to Serbia and Bulgaria. The government required gynecological examinations of women of childbearing age to prove that they had not had abortions. The U.S. Minister, Franklin Mott Index, Charles of Most Romanian historians support the theory of Daco-Romanian continuity, and maintain that Transylvania was continuously inhabited by the ancestors of Romanians. (Romania declared war upon the United States in 1941 and early Cold War era The culture puts great value on helping members of the extended families, which allows accusations of nepotism. At Easter, the main dishes are roast lamb and drob - a cooked mix of intestines, meat and fresh vegetables, mainly green onion, served with pasc (pie made with cottage cheese) as a sweetener. Though maybe not the force they once were, the Romanian national rugby team has so far competed at every Rugby World Cup. Romania suffered additional heavy casualties fighting the Nazi Army in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia to unite under the name of Romania. Desserts include baclava (sweet pastry), covrigi (pretzels), gogoi (donuts), halva, rahat (Turkish delight), plcint (pie), cozonac, pandipan (sponge cake), orez cu lapte (rice pudding), crme caramel), and cltite (crpes), among others. The population density of the country has doubled since 1900 although, in contrast to other central European states, and there is considerable room for further growth. improve during the 1960s when Romania began to distance its foreign policy from A Turkish influenced music style called manele is popular in working-class districts of cities and in villages. was also accredited to Greece and Since 2000, Romania has become the single largest investment destination in south-eastern and Central Europe. Traditional costumes are works of art, often displaying elaborate embroidery and a trimming of tiny glass beads. On March 26, 1881, the principality was raised to a monarchy and Prince Carol became King Carol I of Romania (1839-1914). Nicknamed "John of Anina," his remains (the lower jaw) are approximately 42,000 years old. Higher education has the following four components: A bachelor degree, which takes three years in most disciplines; a masters degree, which takes a further two years; a doctorate, which takes at least three years; and lifelong learning, which includes postgraduate education occurring outside the master/doctorate framework. The communist regime gave women equal rights in marriage and the workplace, and tried to get large numbers of women into the work force. The men's folk dances, including the cluari, have been declared by UNESCO to be masterpieces. Primary school comprises: Elementary school - grades one to four; and gymnasium school, grades five to eight. Ministers to Romania were also Ambassador. Other translations from Greek and Slavonic books were printed later in the sixteenth century. a convention concerning the rights, privileges, and immunities of Traditionally, an estate passes to the oldest son, although women are entitled to inherit property. He was promoted to Charg dAffaires The territory of Romania has been inhabited by different groups of people since prehistory.
Efforts to increase the population burdened women with unwanted children, and made many seek illegal and dangerous abortions. In 1775, the Habsburg Monarchy annexed the northern part of Moldova, Bukovina, and the Ottoman Empire its south-eastern part, Budjak. The Goths lived with the local people until 378 C.E., when another nomadic people, the Huns, arrived and stayed until 435. Estimations vary, from 60,000, 80,000, up to two million. After a series of privatizations and reforms, government intervention in the Romanian economy is somewhat lower than in other European economies. entered into force on June 13, 1883. The national literature is rooted in early ballads, popular between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, which involved pastoral tales sung to the accompaniment of a lute or zither. The government restricted religious practice but did not forbid it. Romania has reached the Davis Cup finals three times. Women who have a full-time job are expected to do all the cooking and cleaning at home. The best man shaves the groom's beard, symbolizing his departure to a new lifestyle, and in the ceremony, both ask their parents to forgive them for leaving. warm (Romania fought on the side of the Allies in the Great War), and cold Also jazz and blues, and, to an extent, eurodance/trance music and heavy metal/punk are popular, especially in large cities. During the communist period, there was a significant increase in the number of theaters. Since Romania joined NATO, extensive preparations have been made to abolish conscription and make the transition to a professional army by 2007, which would include 90,000 men and women. The UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites includes the Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, the painted churches of northern Moldavia with their fine exterior and interior frescoes, the wooden churches of Maramures that combine Gothic style with traditional timber construction, the citadel of Sighioara, and the Dacian Fortresses of the Ortie Mountains. By the eleventh century, the area of today's Transylvania became a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Beer is highly regarded, generally blond pilsener beer. Romanian writers made contributions abroad. Blaine, Eugene Other customs are presumably of pre-Christian pagan origin, like the Paparuda rain chanting custom in spring or early summer, or the masked folk theatre or Ursul (the bear) and Capra (the goat) in winter. The belief is that sometimes the spirit does not leave the body after death, but remains, without decaying, to haunt the village, and can claim victims with a touch or a glance. Serbia and moved his residence to Athens. In 1918, at the end of World War I, Transylvania and Bessarabia united with the Romanian Old Kingdom. Eugene Ionesco (19121994), also lived in France and wrote in French, composed the famous absurdist dramas The Rhinoceros and The Bald Soprano. Historically, Greater RomaniaRomnia Marerepresented one of the ideals of Romanian nationalism, and remains to many as a "paradise lost." Wood was once the main construction material, and heavily ornamented wooden objects were common in old houses. Blaine had authorized Schuyler to recognize Romania after the
The Romanian Orthodox Church did not oppose the regime, and priests helped the administration. During the period of Soviet rule, Romania's resources were drained, and there were hundreds of thousands of abuses, deaths and incidents of torture against a large range of people, from political opponents to ordinary citizens. Romania was awarded the territory between Dniester and the Southern Bug by Germany to administer it under the name Transnistria. enter into provisional relations with the U.S. Legation. High school comprises four or five grades (grades nine to 13). The first book printed in Romania was a Slavonic religious book in 1508. But Wallachia came under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire in 1476, and Moldavia in 1514. Diplomatic relations were severed when Romania declared war on the United Jay was the first U.S. Minister to be commissioned exclusively to He presented his new credentials on December 24, 1964, and
Romanian is spoken as a first language by 91 percent of the population, with Hungarian and Romani being the most important minority languages, spoken by 6.7 percent and 1.1 percent respectively). The modern state of Romania was formed by the merging of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859. The country has the largest brown bear population in Europe, while chamois, lynx, wild cats, martens, and capercaillies are also known to live in the Carpathian Mountains. Romania also acquired the Southern Dobruja territory called "The Quadrilateral" from Bulgaria as a result of its participation in the Second Balkan War in 1913. Louis J. In February 1997, Romania began macroeconomic stabilization and structural reforms, including the liquidation of large energy-intensive industries, and reforms of the agricultural and financial sectors. The 1970s were also a period of warming Close ties with the Arab countries (and the Palestinian Liberation Organization) allowed Romania to play a key role in the Israel-Egypt and Israel-PLO peace processes. Larger and more urbanized towns gain the status of municipality, which gives them greater administrative power over local affairs. Already poor families could not afford to feed or clothe their children, and orphanages filled with abandoned babies.