For example, at the bottom of many web pages (including this page) the Copyright symbol or (c) may be shown to indicate the content on the page is Copyrighted. "Emotional Expression Online: Gender Differences in Emoticon. Instead they are part of the communication language of users across systems. This page was last edited on 6 July 2022, at 19:19. Abdullah, Rayan and Huebner, Roger (2006). On most systems, users can create and delete, replicate, select, click or double-click standard computer icons and drag them to new positions on the screen to create a customized user environment. However each of these related graphical devices differs in one way or another from the standard computer icon. This symbol is on buttons that allow you to use the tool to select areas of an image or another object. An umbrella icon on a package represents that the contents of the package are sensitive to water and should be protected. The directive is an European community directive was first created in 2002 as a way to help deal with the environmental impacts of electronic waste. A minus symbol or a horizontal line is a symbol used as an indication for decreasing, removing, moving up, or zooming out on software programs and hardware devices. They are also displayed in text, either as the link itself or a friendly name, whereas icons are defined as being primarily non-textual. The line shows the bottom and the arrows should be pointing up. Rudolph Arnheim (1969). Examples of these control widgets are scroll bars, sliders, listboxes and buttons used in many programs. A globe or world symbol is often used to represent the WWW (world wide web) and may be used on a keyboard to open a web browser on the computer. Other functions performed by icon editors are icon extraction from executable files (exe, dll), creation of icon libraries, or saving individual images of an icon. These visual parameters place rigid limits on the design of icons, frequently requiring the skills of a graphic artist in their development. All icon editors can make icons for system files (folders, text files, etc. A plus symbol or a horizontal line crossing a vertical line is also a symbol used as an indication to increase, add, move down, or zoom in on software programs and hardware devices. A small dot or tower with waves coming from it indicates wireless and is one of the most recognized symbols today for a Wi-Fi (wireless network) signal. The icons stand for objects or functions accessible on the system and enable the user to do tasks common to an office space. A circle with a line going to the bottom right that resembles a magnifying glass with a plus ( + ) or a minus ( - ) is a symbol use to represent search zoom in and zoom out. The computer monitor continues to display primary icons on the main page or desktop, allowing easy and quick access to the most commonly used functions for a user. The width and height of the icon are the same (1:1 aspect ratio) in almost all areas of traditional use. For example, an icon with a lock symbol may be shown on your browser when a web page is secure. A shopping cart symbol is used to represent a digital cart in an online store. A lightning bolt may also represent a power connector port. Together with the other design details, the shape also needs to make it unique on the display and clearly distinguishable from other icons. For example, the Microsoft MSDN[5] defines the standard icon use of error, warning, information and question mark icons as part of their software development guidelines.[6]. The first meaning is that the item is hot and could mean that it is critical, important, or popular and should be looked at first. Roland Barthes, (1969). A C and an E symbol is an abbreviation of Conformit Europenne. Three or four waves indicates turning the volume up on the computer. For individual devices the display size correlates directly to the size of the screen real estate and the resolution of the display. Icons underwent a change in appearance from the early 8-bit pixel art used pre-2000 to a more photorealistic appearance featuring effects such as softening, sharpening, edge enhancement, a glossy or glass-like appearance, or drop shadows which are rendered with an alpha channel. In closed systems such as iOS and Android, the use of icons is to a degree regulated or guided This symbol is used for printer connections and buttons in software programs that prints a page or sometimes open a print preview. Developers also use icon editors to make icons for specific program files. A listing of keyboard keys, symbols, and their explanations. The thumbtack symbol is used to represent the ability to pin an object to the screen. As a subset of electronic devices, computer systems and mobile devices use many of the same icons; they are corporated into the design of both the computer hardware and on the software. In adding an emotional overlay to the text, they have also enabled electronic messages to substitute for and frequently supplant voice-to-voice messaging. This need for recognition in turn sets specific design restrictions on effective computer icons. This symbol is used around any button that is used to turn on or off a device. A solid small box is a symbol used to represent stop and is used in audio and video media players to stop music and video. However, if one is creating an application in the Windows API he or she can simply add a line to the program's resource script before compilation.

For the meaning of more character symbols like (@, #, $, and %) see the computer keyboard keys explanations page. A symbol of a cross tilted to the right is a symbol that is used to represent an eyedropper in image and graphic related programs. A triangle with a hand that is crossed out is the symbol used to represent a product that is sensitive to ESD (electrostatic discharge) and that should be handled with care. Many icon editors can copy a unique icon from a program file for editing. Different organizations are actively involved in standardizing these icons, as well as providing guidelines for their creation and use. For products which are targeting the international marketplace, the primary design consideration is that the icon is non-verbal; localizing text in icons is costly and time-consuming. Metonymy is in itself a subset of metaphors that use one entity to point to another related to it such as using a fluorescent bulb instead of a filament one to represent power saving settings. Two vertical lines is the universal symbol used for pause and is uses in audio and video media players to pause music and video. Three disks stacked on top of each other or a tall cylinder represent a computer hard drive. In order to maintain consistency in the look of a device, OS manufacturers offer detailed guidelines for the development and use of icons on their systems. Not to be confused with the Wi-Fi symbol, a small solid circle with two curved lines coming off it and going to the upper-right is the symbol used to represent RSS. Similar markings could also be a matrix code or a barcode. Multiple windows can be open and even overlapping on the screen. An example of metaphorical representation characterizes all the major desktop-based computer systems including desktop that uses an iconic representation of objects from the 1980s office environment to transpose attributes from a familiar context/object to an unfamiliar one. In designing software operating systems, different companies have incorporated and defined these standard symbols as part of their graphical user interface.

the electronic desktop. A circle with a small hole in the middle is a symbol used to represent a CD, DVD, Blu-ray, or disc drive. A wine glass with a crack is a symbol used to indicate that the contents of a package are fragile. Hyperlinks differ from the functional computer icons in that they are normally embedded in text, whereas icons are displayed as stand-alone on the screen real estate. Professional icon designers seldom modify icons inside an icon editor and use a more advanced drawing or 3D modeling application instead. These icons were first developed for computers in the 1980s as a response to the limited storage and transmission bandwidth used in electronic messaging. One or two arrows with a line underneath them indicate what direction the box should be positioned. A symbol with boxes and jagged lines with boxes in the corners like that shown here is a QR Code and used to store information for scanning. Metaphors, Metonymy and Synecdoche are used to encode the meaning in an icon system. A connector or cable with the letters "HDMI" and looks like "HOMI" to some users is the symbol that represents an HDMI connector. The backspace or erase to the left button may also be represented by the symbol of a box arrow pointing to the left containing an X. Icon design factors have also been the topic for extensive usability studies. For example, with web applications and some web pages, you may pin individual elements you enjoy viewing to the top of a page for quick viewing. A triangle with a lightning bolt is a symbol used to represent a warning for the potential of an electrical shock. This screen space also invites almost immediate user customization, as the user adds favourite icons to the screen and groups related icons together on the screen. Because of their condensed size and versatility, computer icons have become a mainstay of user interaction with electronic media. Because of the design requirements, icon creation can be a time-consuming and costly process. A calendar icon is used to represent an option that allows the user to view a calendar, view date related information, or schedule an event. The radioactive symbol is a universal symbol that indicates a product contains radioactive material and may be harmful to humans. The biohazard symbol is the universal symbol that represents a danger of biological substances often hazardous to human health. The symbol of a lock on a laptop computer is used to represent a Kensington lock found on the back corner of some laptop computers. Levine, Philip and Scollon, Ron, editors (2004). in Handa, still continues to be used to represent the save function, "Former Apple Designer Kare Testifies at Samsung Patent Trial", "Pygmalion: A Creative Programming Environment", "Lecture 6 Guest Lecture (David Canfield Smith)", "GUIdebook > Articles > "Designing the Star User Interface", "Custom Icons - Icons and Images - iOS - Human Interface Guidelines - Apple Developer", "Icons and Images, Human Interface Guidelines for iOS", Harrison, C., Hsieh, G., Willis, K. D. D., Forlizzi, J. and Hudson, S. E. "Kineticons: Using Iconographic Motion in Graphical User Interface Design. For example, a single lighting bolt next to an indicator light indicates that the device is charging. The microphone symbol is used on computer ports to indicate where a microphone connects or any option or button that adjust the microphone. Two circles or ovals that are connected to each other that resemble a chain is a symbol used to represent a link or a hyperlink. For example, you could scan the QR code shown here to open the Computer Hope web page. Using these widgets, a user is able to define and manipulate the data and the display for the software program they are working with. A symbol with a wrench or a wrench and screwdriver is another symbol that can be used in place of the gear to indicate an area to adjust the settings or other options. For example, a program may switch between the mouse cursor to select items and the hand tool. Three solid circles connected by two lines is the symbol that is often used to represent a social network sharing link on websites. Many of the above warning and cautions symbols may also be on packaging and the product contained in the package. When dealing with the display a light bulb symbol can also be used to indicate brightness such as a button on a keyboard to adjust the backlight brightness.

Synecdoche is considered as a special case of metonymy, in the usual sense of the part standing for the whole such as a single component for the entire system, speaker driver for the entire audio system settings. These brand icons are bundled with their product and installed on a system with the software. 2000. Not to be confused with the asterisk, a star symbol is often used to represent a favorite in an Internet browser. A program that supports uploading may also have a button with a symbol of a box and an up arrow. For example, Facebook uses a F symbol and Twitter uses a symbol of a bird. ), and for web pages. A rectangular box with either one box or two boxes at the bottom is a symbol to represent a touchpad on a laptop and may be next to a button that turns on and off the touchpad. A circle with two lines to the top-left and bottom with a solid rectangle in the top-right is a symbol used to represent a FireWire port or device. a file) a certain additional subsystem can add a smaller secondary icon, laid over the primary icon and usually positioned in one of its corners, to indicate the status of the object which is represented with the primary icon. A symbol of a box made of dotted lines represents the marquee or select tool. "Pictures, Symbols and Signs", pg 144 ff. They are frequently scalable, as they are displayed in different positions in the software, a single icon file such as the Apple Icon Image format can include multiple versions of the same icon optimized to work at a different size, in colour or grayscale as well as on dark and bright backgrounds. Not to be confused with the recycle icon the two arrows going in a circle and pointing to each other is a symbol often used to indicate a reload or refresh. A lightning bolt may also represent the Apple Thunderbolt symbol. To regulate the use of these brand icons, they are trademark registered and are considered part of the company intellectual property. This model of the desktop metaphor has been adopted by most personal computing systems in the last decades of the 20th century; it remains popular as a "simple intuitive navigation by single user on single system. A symbol of a folder represents an area capable of storing other files and folders on a computer. The icon itself is a quickly comprehensible symbol of a software tool, function, or a data file, accessible on the system and is more like a traffic sign than a detailed illustration of the actual entity it represents. The main function performed by an icon editor is generation of icons from images. In each of these locations, the primary purpose is to identify and advertise the program and functionality available. Two triangles that point to the right with a solid line on the right of them is used to represent a feature that skips a track or chapter. Icons as parts of the graphical user interface of the computer system, in conjunction with windows, menus and a pointing device (mouse), belong to the much larger topic of the history of the graphical user interface that has largely supplanted the text-based interface for casual use. Most symbols are not standardized, which means the symbols shown below may not match your software program or hardware device. snap a picture, delete, rewind, connect/disconnect etc), action in the physical world (e.g. (Desktop Metaphor, pg 2). A C with a circle surrounding it is used to represent a Copyright. For example, on this page, we have several tips that can be quickly identified with the light bulb next to the word "Tip.". The sun symbol is used for anything dealing with a display's brightness. [15][16][17] This is true for both standard system icons and third party application icons to be included in the system. [13] to create a sense of consistency in the UI. On the keyboard LEDs, an arrow pointing down to a horizontal line is an indicator for the Scroll Lock on some keyboards. Because these company and program logos represent the company and product itself, much attention is given to their design, done frequently by commercial artists. For example, one of the most recognizable symbols is an almost full circle with a vertical line at the top that indicates power.

For example, on an iPhone, the Messages icon and each of its messages uses the speech bubble symbol and when someone is typing a speech bubble with three periods is shown.

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