[(T)54.3(ric)11.3(or Metals)]TJ -.0151 Tc ET /P <>BDC 9 0 0 10 289.7821 358.2464 Tm BT .0003 Tc ET
9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 189.9226 Tm 9.35 0 0 11 112.2742 477.9226 Tm [(F)45(ax: 734-454-7110)]TJ 9 0 0 10 203.9865 654.2463 Tm 9 0 0 10 492.0843 170.2464 Tm 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 141.9188 Tm /F1 1 Tf 9 0 0 10 206.0474 182.2464 Tm EMC /F2 1 Tf [(tric)11(ormetals)]TJ BT
/P <>BDC EMC BT /F1 1 Tf /P <>BDC -.0001 Tc
BT 0 Tw -.0003 Tc 0 Tw 9 0 0 10 289.7821 274.2464 Tm /P <>BDC ET BT /P <>BDC BT -.0004 Tc /F1 1 Tf Q BT /P <>BDC (Phone: 936-273-2661)Tj 0 Tw [(Zir)9.9(c)5.9(onium and Zir)9.9(c)5.9(onium Allo)6.9(y I)-10.1(ngots)]TJ 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 525.9226 Tm 0 Tc /P <>BDC BT ET /P <>BDC EMC ET BT .0003 Tw /P <>BDC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 345.9226 Tm .0006 Tw ET /P <>BDC ET EMC
( )Tj /Artifact <>BDC ( )Tj ET 187.142 156.838 403.107 103.622 re -.0153 Tc [(Alpha Plus Beta )41(T)11.8(itanium Allo)6.8(y F)30.8(o)-.2(r)7.8(g)5.8(ings f)12.8(or Sur)7.8(g)5.8(ical I)-10.2(mplants)]TJ
/GS5 gs ( )Tj EMC W n 9 0 0 10 588.7496 630.2464 Tm ET /P <>BDC S EMC /P <>BDC /P <>BDC EMC ET BT /P <>BDC BT /GS2 gs 0 Tw ET endobj 0 Tw BT
( )Tj EMC BT EMC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 501.9226 Tm /P <>BDC ET EMC BT .0003 Tw ET /Artifact <>BDC BT
9 0 0 10 206.0474 206.2464 Tm Q The obvious way out of this is to alloy steel with a lighter metal.
ET BT EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs ( )Tj -.0003 Tw 9 0 0 10 277.628 558.2463 Tm .0001 Tw /P <>BDC /F2 1 Tf 0 Tc EMC q 1 0 0 1 187.142 99.496 cm 0 0 m 0 Tc EMC EMC 9 0 0 10 206.0474 346.2464 Tm /P <>BDC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 273.9226 Tm /P <>BDC [(T)54.3(ric)11.3(or Metals)]TJ 0 0 0 .5 K 9 0 0 10 424.2512 102.2464 Tm [(3517 Nor)-24(th L)14(oop 336 )36(W)33(est)]TJ
[(ASTM)-6(-B862)]TJ Q A lot of tosh is talked about "nanotechnology", much of it designed to separate unwary investors from their hard-earned cash. 9 0 0 10 203.9865 630.2464 Tm 1 .24 0 .18 k /P <>BDC EMC ET ( )Tj BT 0 Tc 9 0 0 10 277.628 438.2464 Tm /P <>BDC 9 0 0 10 537.2872 546.2463 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC <> 9 0 0 10 419.9222 206.2464 Tm 0 Tw EMC EMC ( )Tj ET .0001 Tw [(S)-6.1(eamless and )36(W)32.9(elded )41(T)11.9(itanium &T)11.9(itanium Allo)6.9(y )41(T)44.9(ubes f)12.9(or C)10.9(ondensers)]TJ EMC BT ET 12 0 0 12 271.3798 134.2464 Tm BT 9.35 0 0 11 143.5593 153.9188 Tm 0 0 0 1 k BT EMC EMC 0 Tw /P <>BDC /P <>BDC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 537.9188 Tm /GS3 gs /P <>BDC /P <>BDC EMC BT Q 0 0 0 1 k /P <>BDC 403.112 0 l /P <>BDC q 1 0 0 1 187.142 75.496 cm 0 0 m
/P <>BDC /P <>BDC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 237.9226 Tm
EMC ET EMC /P <>BDC
.0004 Tc q 1 0 0 1 187.142 319.496 cm 0 0 m .0001 Tw BT BT .0003 Tw ET BT /GS3 gs /P <>BDC /P <>BDC ET 9 0 0 10 289.7821 286.2464 Tm 9 0 0 10 277.628 510.2464 Tm [(tric)11(ormetals)]TJ /F1 1 Tf ( )Tj ( )Tj /P <>BDC 
EMC /GS2 gs
/F2 1 Tf (Phone: 330-264-3299)Tj .0004 Tw /F1 1 Tf BT ET /GS3 gs 0 792.06 612 -792 re EMC 0 Tw /P <>BDC EMC ET BT 403.112 0 l 0 Tw ET /P <>BDC [(N)-10.4(iobium and N)-10.4(iobium Allo)6.6(y Strip)23.6(,)-.4( Sheet, & Plat)5.6(e)]TJ
9 0 0 10 206.295 702.2463 Tm EMC BT EMC
BT ( )Tj ( )Tj EMC BT ( )Tj -.0003 Tc EMC 0 Tc 1 .24 0 .18 k ET S /P <>BDC EMC BT
( )Tj 9 0 0 10 388.7046 230.2464 Tm EMC 403.112 0 l EMC /P <>BDC ( )Tj .001 Tc [(ASTM)-6(-B363)]TJ EMC BT EMC /P <>BDC ET S ET ( )Tj 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 513.9188 Tm 403.112 0 l /P <>BDC
/P <>BDC q 1 0 0 1 187.142 519.496 cm 0 0 m ( )Tj EMC /P <>BDC EMC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 441.9188 Tm [(ASTM)-6(-B653)]TJ .0004 Tw [(Ohio Division & C)19.3(orp)34.3(. /P <>BDC /P <>BDC /P <>BDC
-.0003 Tc EMC 9 0 0 10 206.0474 286.2464 Tm EMC 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc .0001 Tw /P <>BDC 0 Tc BT BT .0002 Tw ( )Tj 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 417.9226 Tm ( )Tj 7.5 0 0 10 193.0322 50.2837 Tm 187.142 52.899 403.107 103.622 re ET ( )Tj /Artifact <>BDC BT ()*6789:FGHIJVWXYZefghijtuvwxyz ? ( )Tj 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 357.9188 Tm 0 Tc .0003 Tw Q EMC BT 0 Tc )]TJ BT .0002 Tc 0 Tc ET 10.8 0 0 12 459.2085 637.5295 Tm These crystals form both between and within the steel's grains when it is annealed (a form of heat treatment). S BT ET
0 Tw /P <>BDC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 201.9226 Tm /GS3 gs /P <>BDC BT /P <>BDC BT BT ET /P <>BDC ET [(.c)11(om)]TJ EMC ET 0 Tw EMC /P <>BDC EMC BT EMC 9.9 0 0 11 22.5042 561.9226 Tm EMC -.025 Tc 0 Tw [(.c)11(om)]TJ 0 Tw -.0001 Tc (Phone: 936-273-2661)Tj Q 0 Tc 9 0 0 10 206.0474 322.2464 Tm 0 Tc BT 0 Tc endobj ( )Tj Q /P <>BDC 9 0 0 10 203.9865 618.2464 Tm ET BT EMC BT .019 Tc /P <>BDC 10.8 0 0 12 381.2869 637.5295 Tm
9.35 0 0 11 115.9395 177.9226 Tm 0 Tc /GS3 gs ( )Tj .06 Tc [(ASTM)-6(-B367)]TJ [(W)33(oost)6(er)53(, Ohio 44691)]TJ EMC .0001 Tw /P <>BDC
/P <>BDC ET [(ASTM)-6(-F1108)]TJ EMC ET -.0001 Tw 9 0 0 10 401.4681 438.2464 Tm ET /P <>BDC ET /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT
EMC 10.8 0 0 12 236.3408 637.5295 Tm q 1 0 0 1 187.142 459.496 cm 0 0 m /P <>BDC 1 .24 0 .18 k -.0004 Tc ( )Tj [(T)11.9(itanium and )41(T)11.9(itanium Allo)6.9(y )36(W)32.9(elded P)15.9(ipe)]TJ ( )Tj 9 0 0 10 468.1622 286.2464 Tm ET EMC BT )1( Bo)15(x 752)]TJ -.0003 Tw Q 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 357.9226 Tm Q EMC EMC S /P <>BDC BT /P <>BDC ( )Tj EMC 10.4269 0 0 11 131.6139 597.9188 Tm
(Phone: 805-487-7131)Tj q 1 0 0 1 187.142 87.496 cm 0 0 m ET Q 9 0 0 10 277.628 522.2463 Tm -.0001 Tw 12 0 0 12 388.6978 262.2464 Tm /GS2 gs /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 1 k ET BT [(T)66.1(able of Zir)8.1(c)11.1(onium \(Zr\) Specica)8.1(tions \()19.1(ASTM\))]TJ 7.5 0 0 10 193.0322 30.2837 Tm
.0003 Tc 9.35 0 0 11 105.2431 213.9188 Tm BT
ET /GS2 gs EMC /P <>BDC BT 0 Tc
( )Tj S -.0002 Tc BT 0 Tw [(ASTM)-6(-F1472)]TJ /Im3 Do EMC
.0001 Tw -.0001 Tc BT Q ET ET EMC -.0003 Tw 14 0 0 14 268.3988 602.5664 Tm ET 9 0 0 10 277.628 594.2464 Tm 9.35 0 0 11 81.5408 333.9188 Tm EMC /P <>BDC An alloy of iron, aluminium and carbon (steel's other essential ingredient) is too brittle to be useful. EMC /P <>BDC BT EMC S By manipulating the structure of steel on a nanometer scale, Dr Kim has produced a material which has the strength and the lightness of titanium alloys but will, when produced at scale, cost a tenth as much. /GS3 gs EMC BT BT EMC /P <>BDC endobj ET EMC EMC /P <>BDC
[(ASTM)-6(-B391)]TJ BT BT
S ET ( )Tj
( )Tj ( )Tj /GS2 gs EMC 7.5 0 0 10 574.2498 30.2837 Tm EMC /P <>BDC
/P <>BDC ET BT 403.112 0 l ( )Tj /GS2 gs 10.4269 0 0 11 133.7201 597.9226 Tm ET .0001 Tc 0 Tc EMC EMC .0004 Tw )]TJ ( )Tj .0003 Tc
/P <>BDC EMC S 0 Tc BT BT /P <>BDC ET /P <>BDC q
9.9 0 0 11 22.5043 561.9188 Tm 9 0 0 10 289.7821 66.2464 Tm 0 0 0 1 K
( )Tj
( )Tj 0 Tw -.025 Tc 1 .24 0 .18 k EMC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 237.9188 Tm EMC ET ET )Tj
9 0 0 10 206.0474 298.2464 Tm 0 Tw BT .06 Tc 0 Tw BT ET
ET -.0002 Tw [(ASTM)-6(-B600)]TJ BT /F2 1 Tf -.0003 Tc /GS3 gs ET EMC EMC 0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Tw .0001 Tc /P <>BDC 0 Tc [(ASTM)-6(-B708)]TJ BT (R50400, )Tj That strength, allied with the lightness brought by the aluminium, is what Dr Kim was after. 187.142 260.46 403.107 164.08 re EMC -.0149 Tc EMC 0 Tw /GS3 gs -.041 Tw ET BT 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 261.9226 Tm ET ET /P <>BDC EMC 403.112 0 l
ET ( )Tj
BT BT )]TJ BT [(T)11.9(i6AL4V Allo)6.9(y C)6.9(astings f)12.9(or Sur)7.9(g)5.9(ical I)-10.1(mplants \(UNS R56406\))]TJ /P <>BDC .5 w q 1 0 0 1 187.142 603.496 cm 0 0 m 0 Tw 9.35 0 0 11 93.0881 369.9188 Tm ET 9 0 0 10 328.757 582.2463 Tm 0 Tw BT
Q ET ET ET -.041 Tw 0 Tw [(ASTM)-6(-B523)]TJ BT ( )Tj )]TJ EMC 0 Tc 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 189.9188 Tm
S
( )Tj ( )Tj /Artifact <>BDC ET /Artifact <>BDC ET BT /Artifact <>BDC ( )Tj BT 9 0 0 10 277.628 486.2464 Tm
/F1 1 Tf /GS2 gs /P <>BDC ET 0 Tw 9 0 0 10 441.0861 522.2463 Tm ET BT -.0004 Tc ET ET 403.112 0 l 0 Tw /P <>BDC 0 792 612 -792 re /GS3 gs 0 Tw 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 441.9226 Tm Q ET [(www)67(. EMC
6 0 obj EMC [(ASTM)-6(-B338)]TJ
0 Tw /GS2 gs BT
/GS3 gs Q 9.35 0 0 11 68.9463 501.9226 Tm ( )Tj
BT /P <>BDC 0 Tc EMC
/P <>BDC EMC ET /Artifact <>BDC EMC
0 0 0 0 k ( )Tj
EMC /P <>BDC 10.8 0 0 12 304.6504 637.5295 Tm ( )Tj EMC ET /Artifact <>BDC 9.35 0 0 11 105.2431 465.9188 Tm /P <>BDC /GS3 gs <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>>> )1( Bo)15(x 752)]TJ EMC /Im2 Do [(F)45(ax: 330-262-6678)]TJ BT BT EMC 0 Tc .0001 Tw /P <>BDC ET /F2 1 Tf [(ASTM)-6(-B863)]TJ 0 0 0 1 k .0004 Tw 0 Tw EMC BT BT 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 225.9226 Tm .0001 Tc -.0004 Tc 10.8 0 0 12 180.0731 637.5295 Tm /P <>BDC /Im1 Do EMC ET /Artifact <>BDC ET /GS2 gs 0 Tw ET [(.c)11(om)]TJ ET -.0003 Tw 0 Tw
9.35 0 0 11 119.0624 405.9226 Tm /P <>BDC ET /P <>BDC [(T)81.3(e)12.3(xas Division)]TJ /P <>BDC /P <>BDC -.0003 Tw 0 0 0 0 k ET ()Tj EMC
( )Tj [(N)-10.1(iobium and N)-10.1(iobium Allo)6.9(y I)-10.1(ngots)]TJ [(T)66.1(able of )39(T)23.1(itanium Specica)8.1(tions \()19.1(ASTM\))]TJ -.0003 Tc 0 792 612 -792 re 9 0 0 10 206.0474 510.2464 Tm 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 273.9188 Tm EMC 9 0 0 10 206.5019 570.2463 Tm /P <>BDC
BT BT )]TJ )0( Old Linc)6(oln )36(W)33(a)8(y)]TJ -.0001 Tc 9.35 0 0 11 103.186 393.9226 Tm ET ET .0004 Tw EMC /P <>BDC /P <>BDC ( )Tj /GS2 gs 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 309.9226 Tm 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 285.9188 Tm BT 403.112 0 l
BT EMC 9 0 0 10 277.628 702.2463 Tm [(ASTM)-6(-F67)]TJ EMC EMC 7.5 0 0 10 557.705 20.2837 Tm BT
ET
ET (44696 Helm St.)Tj /P <>BDC /P <>BDC .0001 Tc
/P <>BDC (Plymouth, MI 48170)Tj ET .0001 Tw /P <>BDC ET ET /F1 1 Tf ET .0002 Tc H.Q)40.3(. 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 345.9188 Tm BT ET -.0001 Tc /P <>BDC ET ET -.0006 Tc 0 Tw f ET -.0003 Tw [( DUPLEX ST)72(AINLESS STEEL)]TJ /P <>BDC 0 Tc /P <>BDC 9 0 0 10 569.975 474.2464 Tm BT /F2 1 Tf .0003 Tc EMC EMC 9.35 0 0 11 76.0523 261.9226 Tm 9 0 0 10 194.1089 218.2464 Tm BT EMC 0 Tc 113 0 obj BT .0004 Tw ET Q 9 0 0 10 289.7821 78.2464 Tm /Artifact <>BDC 9 0 0 10 431.2622 346.2464 Tm S EMC /P <>BDC BT ET 1 i 0 Tw BT /P <>BDC [(Zir)9.6(c)5.6(onium and Zir)9.6(c)5.6(onium Allo)6.6(y St)5.6(eip)23.6(, Sheet and Plat)5.6(e)]TJ EMC BT ET BT ET /P <>BDC /F1 1 Tf 0 0 0 1 K EMC .0001 Tw EMC 9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 129.9226 Tm
q 1 0 0 1 187.142 331.496 cm 0 0 m 630 0 0 -810 -9.0001 801 cm 1 w /P <>BDC BT /P <>BDC ET
/F3 1 Tf ET 7.5 0 0 10 193.0322 64.2837 Tm q 1 0 0 1 187.142 639.496 cm 0 0 m 0 0 0 .5 K ET 0 Tw S 9 0 0 10 559.1213 510.2464 Tm BT EMC 9 0 0 10 206.0474 486.2464 Tm 0 Tw /P <>BDC /P <>BDC BT
BT
9.35 0 0 11 22.4955 489.9226 Tm 403.112 0 l 9 0 0 10 289.7821 334.2464 Tm [(www)67(. BT /P <>BDC 0 Tc ET /P <>BDC EMC [(T)11.9(itanium and )41(T)11.9(itanium Allo)6.9(y F)30.9(o)-.1(r)7.9(g)5.9(ings)]TJ 